Betty Wilson Steiner-Conduit (1920 – February 16, 1994) was a Canadian psychiatrist. Steiner was the first head of the Gender Identity Clinic at Toronto’s notorious Clarke Institute of Psychiatry.
Background
After completing education in 1958, Steiner was appointed psychiatrist at the Women’s College Hospital, then took the appointment at the Clarke Institute in 1968.
Steiner was named a Fellow of The Royal College of Physicians of Canada – FRCP(C). Steiner-Conduit married marketing executive Andrew Conduit in 1988. Both died in 1994 of carbon monoxide poisoning after leaving a car running in their garage. Steiner-Conduit was declared dead at the scene; Andrew Conduit died ten days later.
Books on gender
In 1985 Steiner edited Gender Dysphoria.
Steiner and Ray Blanchard co-authored the 1990 book Clinical Management of Gender Identity Disorders In Children And Adults.
TransEqual notes that this book is “where most of the oppression suffered by Canadian transsexuals comes from… Clinical Management provides an in depth look at the beliefs and policies of the Clarke’s Gender Identity Clinic, including considerable information about the ‘disorder model’ of transgender identity.”
Publications
Blanchard R, Steiner BW (eds.) (1990). Clinical management of gender identity disorders in children and adults. American Psychiatric Press, ISBN 978-0-88048-187-8
Blanchard R, Steiner BW, Clemmensen LH, Dickey R (1989). Prediction of regrets in postoperative transsexuals. Can J Psychiatry. 1989 Feb;34(1):43-5.PMID 2924248
Blanchard R, Clemmensen LH, Steiner BW (1987). Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria. Arch Sex Behav. 1987 Apr;16(2):139-52. PMID 3592961
Blanchard R, Rachansky I, Steiner B (1986). Phallometric detection of fetishistic arousal in heterosexual male cross-dressers. Journal of Sex Research, 22, 1986: 452-462.
Blanchard R, Clemmensen LH, Steiner BW (1985). Social desirability response set and systematic distortion in the self-report of adult male gender patients. Arch Sex Behav. 1985 Dec;14(6):505-16. PMID 4084050
Steiner BW (ed.) (1985) Gender dysphoria: development, research, management. Plenum Press, ISBN 978-0-306-41694-1
Blanchard R, Steiner BW, Clemmensen LH (1985). Gender dysphoria, gender reorientation, and the clinical management of transsexualism. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1985 Jun;53(3):295-304. PMID 4008715
Blanchard R, McConkey JG, Roper V, Steiner BW (1983). Measuring physical aggressiveness in heterosexual, homosexual, and transsexual males. Arch Sex Behav. 1983 Dec;12(6):511-24. PMID 6667110
Blanchard R, Clemmensen LH, Steiner BW (1983). Gender reorientation and psychosocial adjustment in male-to-female transsexuals. Arch Sex Behav. 1983 Dec;12(6):503-9. PMID 6667109
Freund K, Steiner BW, Chan S (1982). Two types of cross-gender identity. Arch Sex Behav. 1982 Feb;11(1):49-63. PMID 7073469
Steiner BW (1981). From Sappho to Stand: historical perspective on crossdressing and cross gender. Can J Psychiatry. 1981 Nov;26(7):502-6. PMID 702824
Steiner BW, Bernstein SM (1981). Female-to-male transsexuals and their partners. Can J Psychiatry. 1981 Apr;26(3):178-82. PMID 7237357
Bernstein SM, Steiner BW, Glaister JT, Muir CF (1981). Changes in patients with gender-identity problems after parental death. Am J Psychiatry. 1981 Jan;138(1):41-5. PMID 7446780
Steiner BW, Satterberg JA, Muir CF (1978). Flight into femininity. The male menopause? Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 1978 Oct;23(6):405-10. PMID 709491
Bradley SJ, Steiner B, Zucker K, Doering RW, Sullivan J, Finegan JK, Richardson M (1978). Gender identity problems of children and adolescents: the establishment of a special clinic. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 1978 Apr;23(3):175-83. PMID 647617
Freund K, Langevin R, Satterberg J, Steiner B (1977). Extension of the Gender Identity Scale for Males. Arch Sex Behav. 1977 Nov;6(6):507-19. PMID 931627
Langevin R, Paitich D, Steiner B (1977). The clinical profile of male transsexuals living as females vs. those living as males. Arch Sex Behav. 1977 Mar;6(2):143-54. PMID 849139
Nelson C, Paitich D, Steiner BW (1976). Medicolegal aspects of transsexualism. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 1976 Dec;21(8):557-64. PMID 1024695
Garfinkel PE, Steiner BW, Hunter RC (1974). The processes of psychiatric residency training. II. Trainees who drop out. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 1974 Apr;19(2):201-6. PMID 4829419
Steiner BW, Garfinkel PE, Hunter RC (1974). The processes of psychiatric residency training. I. Selection of trainees and the outcome of training. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 1974 Apr;19(2):193-200. PMID 4829418
Freund K, Nagler E, Langevin R, Zajac A, Steiner B (1974). Measuring feminine gender identity in homosexual males. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 3, 1974: 249-260. PMID 4836843
Freund K, Langevin R, Zajac Y, Steiner B, Zajac A (1974). Parent-child relations in transsexual and non-transsexual homosexual males. Br J Psychiatry. 1974 Jan;124(578):22-3. PMID 4822411
Freund K, Langevin R, Zajac Y, Steiner B, Zajac A (1974). The trans-sexual syndrome in homosexual males.J Nerv Ment Dis. 1974 Feb;158(2):145-53. PMID 4813925
Steiner BW, Zajac AS, Mohr JW (1974). A gender identity project. The organization of a multidisciplinary study. Can Psychiatr Assoc J. 1974 Feb;19(1):7-12. PMID 4812981
Steiner BW (1973). The crisis of middle age. Can Med Assoc J. 1973 Nov 17;109(10):1017-8 passim. PMID 4758860
References
Haworth, Eric (May 9, 1963). The bright promise of the professions. The Woman’s Globe and Mail section of The Globe and Mail
Central Press Association (February 17, 1968). Doctor discusses abortions. The Calgary Herald
Kirkwood, Leone (January 27, 1973). Work described with children having 2 sexes. The Globe and Mail
Millar, Cal (February 17, 1994). Fumes kill psychiatrist, husband clings to life. Car left running in garage of Rosedale home. Toronto Star
Millar, Cal (February 26, 1994). Car-fumes accident claims second life. Toronto Star
Barnes, Alan (March 3, 1994). Andrew Conduit, 80, held top post at Reader’s Digest. Toronto Star
Zagria (September 11, 2010). Betty Steiner (1920 – 1994) psychiatrist. https://zagria.blogspot.com/2010/09/betty-steiner-1920-1994-psychiatrist.html
Resources
Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)